sample:PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT

WEEK 3.

STONE MASONRY (FOR BOX CULVERT)

Introduction:

This s the structure that acts as a foundation wall for box culvert where by it carries al imposed loads and transmits the o the ground with out settlement. This foundation wall was constructed by using stone ( stone masonry) joined together by mortar of mixing ration 1:4 (cement to sand).

OBJECTIVES:

a)    Carry and transmit all loads ( live and dead) to the ground without failure

b)    Provide stability and strength of the proposed structure (Slab for box culvet).

MATERIAL USED

1. a)    Hard core (Stone cunwaathered)
2. b)    Portland cement
3. c)    Sand
4. d)    Water

TOOLS USED

1. a)    Wooden float
2. b)    Measuring tape
3. c)    Trowels
4. d)    Spade and buckets
5. e)    String
6. f)     Lump hammer

PATICIPATS

1. a)    Site Engineers
2. b)    Foreman
3. c)    Trainees
4. d)    Skilled labour
5. e)    Unskilled labour

PROCEDURE

1. a)    Batching and mixing of required material to form motar to a specified ratio that was 1:4
2. b)    Marking out the size (width) of the foundation wall by string and measuring tape.
3. c)    Wetting the surface ( mass concrete based on earth) read to receive motar.
4. d)    Pouring and spreading of motar on the surface where tones are expected to be laid on, spreading at width similar to the width of the foundation wall to be constructed.
5. e)    Laying of hardcores or stones carefully on spreader mortal in such a way hat they obtain a good bond and make a joint of about 25mm thick.
6. f)     Applying cement mortar to the joints and make sure all joints are fully of motar leaving no voids between adjacent stones.
7. g)    Pouring and spreading of mortar over the previous constructed hardcore wall for the second cause of stones.
8. h)   The procedure is repeated until  1.5m high from the mass concrete level.
9. i)     Cleaning of tools used keeping the site safely and storing the equipments and tools.

WEEK: 4

FORM WORK

Introduction

               Form works are the panels constructed usually from the wood orflat metal materials to rovide shape and support to the concrete casted and hold it in space while the concrete sets and hardens. The form works serves as mould for concrete structural components, it moulds the placed fresh concrete which in the stage normally is to the shape specified I the drawing. Generally each forwork is of provisional nature and is to be removed after hardening of the concrete placed

OBJECTIVES OF FORMWORK.

1. a)    To provide the support to the pored concrete.
2. b)    Give the shape of the required structure as designed.
3. c)    Provide boundary for the poured concrete and hold it on its plate.
4. d)    Carries and holds reinforcements during construction.

MATERIALS USED

1. a)    Timber panels 1” * 9”
2. b)    Timber for bracing and batten 2” * 4”
3. c)    Props
4. d)    Nails

TOOLS

• a)    Saw for cutting timber into pieces
• b)    Hammer for driving nails
• c)    Pencil for marking and string
• d)    Measuring tape
• e)    Spint level

PARTICIPANTS

• a)    Site Engineer
• b)    Foreman
• c)    Trainees
• d)    Skilled labour (carpenter)
• e)    Unskilled labour

PROCEDURES UNDERTAKEN

• a)    Cutting timber in pieces of required size as per specification and the size of the form work.
• b)    Aranging and fixing in position timber batten and props ready to receive bottom rimbers batten are fixed on stone masonry walls
• c)    Laying pieces of timber panels on the fixed battens and props in such a way that there is no space left between two panels
• d)    Leveling the panels by using spirit level to acquire a leveled surface and avoiding slopes as the concrete slabs needs to be leveled.
• e)    After getting a leveled surface, the timber panels are now fixed to the props and batten by nails to make sure there is no movement.
• f)     Fixing of sides panel timber to the bottom panel timber to the bottom panel by making sure are level and correct dimensions are obtained.
• g)    Placing bracing o the side’s panel for support fixed at the bottom to the pegs and nailed correctly to avoid any movement.

COCLUSION

          Good choice of materials will result n making stable form work which provide good appearance of the structure and strength of the form work.