MULTI STOREY BUILDING PROJECT REPORT

                                    

PREFERENCE

Practical training is a lesson provided at College of Engineering and Technology (CoET) in the University of Dar es salaam (UDSM), where by the students are required to learn this lesson practically on site with respect to their courses.

The practical training is carried out for eight weeks at the end of each academic year by the scholars. Where by the university supervisors visits the trainees in site and asses them

The main objective of this practical training is to provide the practical knowledge of the lessons learnt in class. This ultimately helps the university to produce competent professionals.

ABSTRACT

This report concerns about the first practical training of the academic year 2015/2016 on the proposed construction of a CITY LOGDE hotel at Ilala municipality in Dar es salaam, Tanzania

This is a general report of the practical training which includes hand written weekly log books and typed weekly summary of the week`s main job.

And it also covers brief explanations upon the project itself showing the involved parties, the organization of the contractor company and a sample of the equipment and technologies used in performing the project. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, with my exceedingly humbled heart, I would like first to thank God almighty for giving me the strength to successively conduct my first practical training.

Secondly, I would like to appreciate and give thanks to the following individuals according to the roles played by each one of them upon making my successive completion of the practical training;

ü  ENG. ABDALLAH RASHID (the site engineer for the project) ENG. RAMADHAN YAKINI thee assistant site engineer. For training me practically in site

ü  My fellow PT trainees, for giving the team work support needed in performing activities.

Last but not least, I would like to thank the staff members of department of structural and construction engineering for providing the required knowledge of different activities in my faculty.

                                                       

CHAPTER ONE (1)

GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF THE FIRST PRACTICAL TRAINING (PT 1)

1.0  Introduction

This chapter comprises of brief details about the project which includes the names of the client, architect, quantity surveyor, the civil and structural engineer of the project, electrical and mechanical sub-contractors and the main contractor. This chapter also covers a brief description of the profile of the company which I was doing the practical training along with its organization system. And finally the summary of the project which includes the location of the site, the estimated time of completion, site organization along with the techniques and equipment used in this project.

1.1 About the project

The project details are as follows;

CLIENT: CITY LODGE HOTEL GROUP TANZANIA LTD

ARCHITECT: PDW ARCHITECTS LTD

QUANTITY SURVEYOR: CQS SERVICES LTD

CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: HOWARD HUMPHREYS (T) LTD

ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL ENGINEER: DESIGN INCORPORATED LTD AND KIMPHIL KONSULT (T) LTD

MAIN CONTRACTOR: ESTIM CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LTD

1.2 About the company

The company which I performed my first practical training is called ESTIM Construction Company Limited. The company is one of the first class construction companies in Tanzania. The head quarter of the company is at Mwenge in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.

In the past few years the company has been undertaking some of the most large construction projects in the country, for example; the 45 storey building (PSPF TOWERS) which is currently the tallest building in East Africa.

1.3 The organization system of the Estim construction company

The figure below is a chart of Estim construction company organization.

1.4 Summary of the project

Location;

The project site is located at Posta near the kisutu magistrate court in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.

Aim of the project;

The aim of the project is to construct a commercial building which will used as a hotel called the CITY LODGE HOTEL which is going to be constructed for twenty (20) months.

The site organization structure;

The project engineer was the head of the project, the site engineer reported to the project engineer, the project manager, safety department and the foremen all reported either to the site engineer or to the project engineer.

The chart below shows the organization structure the site:

Techniques and equipment’s used in the site;

Here are some of the equipment used in site
ü  Crane for lifting heavy loads
ü  Excavator for digging
ü  Mobile concrete pump
ü  Poker vibrator, for compacting concrete
ü  Damp level and leveling staff
ü  Spray paints for putting marks
ü  Tampering rammer, for compacting the soil
ü  Security cameras (CCTV) to monitor the security in site

    

CHAPTER TWO (2)

THE WEEKLY SUMMARIES

2.0 Introduction

This chapter contains a brief descriptions of the main jobs done in each week for eight (8) weeks which covers the following;

ü  A brief meaning or definition of the work.
ü  The skills and man power used in the particular work.
ü  The time required to perform the work.
ü  The materials used along with their sources and origin.
ü  Tools and machineries used to do the particular work.
ü  The procedures followed in performing the work.
ü  Effects of the environmental conditions to the work.
ü  Safety precautions observed by the workers in performing the job.
ü   Conclusions as well as recommendations regarding the main job of each week.
ü  A few pictures concerning the week`s main job.
ü  The attached log book of each week.

2.1.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY 1 FROM 08^TH/8/2016 TO 13^TH/8/2016

FORMWORKS FOR STAIRS OF THE BASEMENT

2.1.1 Introduction:

Formworks these are temporary molds in which concrete is poured into it and left for some time until it regains its strength and the desired shape of a structure. During the construction of formworks of the stairs the formworks used were of two (2) types; the ones which are made out of plywood and steel formworks.

2.1.2 Skills and manpower

The task was carried out by the following kinds of workers;

ü  Civil engineer

ü  Technician

ü  Unskilled labors

ü  Trainees (PT students)

2.1.3 The time required

This work was required to be accomplished in a single day, and it took us about six (6) hours. Hence it was finished within the required time.

2.1.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

Material used in this task are;

ü  Ply woods 20mm thick

ü  Timber, 4×2 inch wood and 6×2 inch wood

ü  Scaffolds

Sources and origin of the materials;

ü  The ply woods and the metallic scaffolds are imported.

ü  Timber are locally sourced.

2.1.4 Tools and machinery used

Here is a list of the tools used in this job;

ü  Bolts

ü  Spirit level

ü  Nails and hammer

ü  A circular saw machine

ü  A tape measure

ü  20mm thick ply wood

ü  4×2 inch wood

ü  6×2 inch wood

2.1.5 Procedures

ü  Firstly, the surveyor placed the markings which should be observed by the labors who are going to construct the formworks.
ü  Secondly, all the required materials which are to be used in the construction of the formworks are gathered.
ü  Thirdly, the plywood as well as the timber are cut into the required dimensions so that they can be well fitted.
ü  Finally, the plywood along with the timber are fixed in position following the order instructed in the structural drawings of a particular stair, and they are held in position with the help of the scaffolds   
  

2.1.6 Influence of environmental conditions

The weather condition was sunny hence the work proceeded as planned.

2.1.7 Safety conditions

To ensure the safety of the people involved in this work, the workers wore protective gears such as;

ü  Helmet

ü  Boots

ü  Gloves

ü  Boots

ü  Overall

ü  Reflectors

2.1.8 Conclusion and recommendations

Generally, the work proceeded as planned since the required dimensions of the stairs were obtained.        

2.2.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY TWO (2) FROM 15^TH/8/2016 TO 20^TH/08/2016

                        STEEL FIXATION ON THE GROUND FLOOR

2.2.1 Introduction

It is the process of cutting, aligning and joining the reinforcement bars in accordance to the structural drawing details.

 2.2.2 Skills and manpower

This task was performed by the following people;

ü  Civil engineer

ü  Foremen

ü  Unskilled labors

ü  Trainees (PT students)

2.2.3 Time required.

This work was required to be completed in three days, but unfortunately the work took almost five days. This is because when the initially done work was supervised by the consultant it was noted that some parts were incorrectly fixed. This took us an addition of two more days to amend the errors which occurred.  

2.2.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

The materials used in this task were;

ü  High tensile steels of different diameters and length

ü  Binding wires

Some of the tensile steels were imported for example the Y 32 steel

2.2.5 Tools and machinery used

ü  Pincer.

ü  Tape measure.

ü  Bar benders.

ü  Binding wires.

2.2.6 Procedures

ü  All materials indicated in the structural drawing for the slab were gathered.

ü  The tensile steels were cut and bended as indicated in the bar schedule.

ü  The bottom one steels were placed at a spacing of 200mm from one another. And the bottom two steels were placed on top of them facing the other direction but just as the bottom one steels they were also placed at a spacing of 200mm and then tied together by binding wires.

ü  The chair bars were placed on top of bottom one and two rebar. The chair bars were placed at an approximate distance of one meter apart.

ü  The top two steels were placed on top of the chair bars at a spacing of 200mm from one another then tied onto them by the means of a binding wire.

ü  Finally, the top one steels were placed on top of the top two at a spacing of 200 mm from each other.

2.2.7 Influence of environmental conditions

The weather conditions of this day was sunny hence the work proceeded without any delaying problem.

2.2.8 Safety precautions

To ensure safety for the workers, the labors who participated in this job were required to wear protective gears such as;

ü  Helmet

ü  Gloves

ü  Safety boots

ü  Overall

2.2.9 Conclusions and recommendations

Conclusion;

Generally, although this work was delayed the labors eventually achieved the required specifications of the slab reinforcements as indicated in the structural drawings.

                                                       

2.3.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY THREE (3) FROM 22^ND/08/2016 TO 27^TH/08/2016

INSTALLING FOR PIPES AND DUCTS FOR ELECTRICAL AND WATER SERVICES

2.3.1 Introduction

Pipes installation it is simply a process of placing pipes within the slab and column reinforcements in order for them to serve both electrical and water services.

2.3.2 Skills and manpower

For the work of electrical services pipes;

ü  Foreman.

ü  Technicians.
ü  Trainees (PT students).

2.3.3 Time used

The time required to do this job was 6 hours. Unfortunately, the job took about eight hours due to the rain.

2.3.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

The basic materials used in this task were;

ü  PVC plastic pipes.

ü  Glue.

2.3.5 Tools and machinery used

ü  Electric heater to help in bending the pipes.

ü  Junction connectors.

ü  Saw for cutting the pipes.

2.3.6 Procedures

ü  The ducts are placed on the floor slab

ü  The pathway of the pipes are marked by the means of the spray paints

2.3.7 Influence of environmental conditions

The weather in this day was rainy, hence it slowed down the work.

2.3.8 Safety precautions

To ensure the safety the workers wore;

ü  Helmet

ü  Safety boots

ü  Overall

ü  Gloves

2.3.9 Conclusion and recommendations

Although the work was delayed by the rain, it was accurately finished.

2.4.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY FOUR (4) FROM 29^TH/08/2016 TO 31^ST/08/2016

ERECTION OF FORMWORK FOR COLUMNS

2.4.1 Introduction

Formworks are simply temporary molds which concrete is poured into it and left for some time in order for it to acquire its strength and the required shape of a structure.

2.4.2 Skills and manpower

The manpower which participated in this work was;

ü  Foreman

ü  Unskilled labors

ü  Trainees.

2.4.3 Time required.

The time required to perform the task is eight (8) hours.

2.4.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

ü  Ply wood

ü  Diesel oil

ü  Timber

ü  Scaffolds

2.4.5 Tools and machinery used

ü  Crane

ü  Plumb bob

ü  Spirit level

ü  Bolts

ü  Circular saw for cutting timber

ü  Tape measure

2.4.6 Procedures

ü  The surveyor placed the marks which were to be followed by the labors

ü  The materials to be needed were brought nearby, some were carried by the crane.

ü  The formworks were erected around those marks and attached together by using bolts. Note the formworks are separated from the reinforcements by a 40mm thick space bar.

ü  Then a plumb bob was used to check the verticality of the formworks.

ü  Finally, the vertical formworks were firmly fitted by using scaffolds and bracings.

2.4.7 Influence of the environmental conditions

The work was done on a sunny day, hence the weather conditions had insignificant effects on the job.

2.4.8 Safety precautions

Safety gears were provided to ensure no any injuries occur. The safety gears were;

ü  Helmet

ü  Boots

ü  Gloves

ü  Reflectors

2.4.9 Conclusion and recommendations

The job of erection of formworks was in finished in time.

2.5.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY FIVE (5) FOR 5^TH/09/2016 TO 10^TH/09/2016

            CURING OF THE GROUND FLOOR SLAB, COLUMNS AND SHEAR WALLS

2.5.1 Introduction

Curing of concrete is process of providing adequate moisture, temperature and time to allow the concrete to achieve the desired properties for the intended use. Usually the curing of a structure starts a day after the concrete is poured and the process is carried on for about four weeks.

2.5.2 Skills and manpower

Due to the nature of the work this work is done by only one (1) person.

2.5.3 Time required

The time required to perform this task is three (3) hours

2.5.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

ü  Clean water.

ü  Sacks to help in retaining water for a long time.

2.5.5 Tools and machinery used

ü  Pump.

ü  Water pipes.

2.5.6 Procedures

ü  The formworks are removed from the columns and shear walls.

ü  The structures which are to be cured are covered properly with sacks

ü  The structures to be cured are then watered using clean water.

2.5.7 Influence of environmental conditions

Since this activity is required to be done almost all in days of construction, in sunny weather this activity is carried out, but in rainy days this activity is not done since the structures to be cured will already be wet.

2.5.8 Safety precautions

In order to ensure safety the worker wears

Ø  Gum boots

Ø  Helmet

Ø  Hand gloves

Ø  Reflector

Ø  Overall

2.5.9 Conclusion.

The curing work is very essential so as to enable the concrete structure to attain its maximum strength.

                                               

2.6.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY SIX (6) FROM 12^TH/09/2016 TO 17^TH/09/2016

            CONCRETE POURING, COMPACTION AND SLUMP TESTS

2.6.1 Introduction

Concrete pouring is done after the fixation of the reinforcements and the erection of the formworks around the structure. During the pouring of concrete slump test is conducted as well as the preparation of cubes is done.

A slump test, is a method of assessing the freshness of concrete by indirectly checking the amount of water that is mixed in the concrete.

2.6.2 Skills and manpower

The task of concrete requires the following man power

     Civil engineer
ü  Foreman
ü  Unskilled labors

The task of slump test and preparation of cubes is done by only one person.

2.6.3 Time required

The time required to complete this task was three hours.

2.6.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

ü  Concrete is prepared in the company`s batch plant and carried to the site by means of the special trucks.

2.6.5 Tools and machineries used

The tools used in pouring of concrete are;

ü  Poker vibrator
ü  Metallic pegs
ü  A mobile concrete pump
ü  Power floats
The tools used in slump test are;
ü  A slump cone
ü  A slump road
ü  A tape measure

2.6.6 Procedures

Procedures for concrete pouring;
ü  The adjustable metallic pegs are such a way that its height is equal to the required thickness of slab by the help of a surveyor.
ü  The concrete carrier truck is stationed in such a way that it pours concrete into the mobile concrete pump.
ü  The concrete is poured onto the slab carefully not to exceed the height of the metallic pegs
ü  When the already poured concrete hardens a little bit, it is smoothen by the power float so as to get an elegant finish of the slab.
Note: they concrete grade of all vertical structures example columns was grade 40 and for all horizontal structures was grade 30.
Procedures for slump tests;
ü  The slump tests is carried out simultaneously with the pouring of concrete.
ü  The slump test is carried out for the concrete carried in each truck, so as to know if the concrete is fit for usage or not.
ü  The concrete is placed in the slump cone which is 300mm tall
ü  Then the cone is removed vertically upward, then the final height of the concrete is subtracted from the initial height which 300mm to obtain the change in height. 
ü  If the concrete passes the slump test, then it will be used but if not it will be rejected’

Note:  The change in height obtained from the slump test can be group into three categories;

ü  True slump which ranges from 0mm to 80mm

Fit for usage when the concrete is poured by using buckets

ü  Shear slump which ranges from 80mm to 150mm

Fit for usage when the concrete is poured by using a pump

ü  Collapse slump ranges from 150mm and above

Not fit for usage at all

2.6.7 Influence of the environmental conditions

The weather conditions were favorable, and did not cause any significant effects on the job.

2.6.8 Safety precautions

To ensure the safety of the workers wore;

ü  Helmets

ü  Gloves

ü  Gum boots

ü  Reflectors

2.6.9 Conclusion

All in all, the work proceeded as planned.

2.7.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY SEVEN (7) FROM 19^TH/09/2016 TO 24^TH/09/2016

EXCAVATION OF TRENCHES AND MATERIAL INSTALLATION FOR FRENCH DRAINAGE SYSTEM

2.7.1 Introduction

A French drain is a trench filled with gravel, perforated pipes all wrapped in a geotextile material so as to help to redirect water (both surface water and ground water) away from the area. In the case of the site I was in the French drainage system was installed to redirect water away from the foundation walls.

A perforated pipe is a pipe with small slots through which water can pass through them

  2.7.2 Skills and manpower

The manpower involved in this task were as follows;

ü  A surveyor: who helped at getting the required level and slope of the trench.

ü  Unskilled labours

ü  A foreman

ü  A site engineer

2.7.3 Time required

The time required to complete this task was four (4) days.

2.7.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

ü  Gravels

ü  Geo textiles

ü  Perforated PVC pipes

2.7.5 Tools and machinery used

ü  Shovels

ü  A damp level

ü  A levelling staff

ü  A tape measure

2.7.6 Procedures

ü  A 500mm wide trench is dug at approximate distance of 1 meter away from the foundation wall.

ü  The required slope of the trenches is obtained under a supervision of a surveyor.

ü  The geo textiles are placed inside the trenches followed by the gravels on top of it.

ü  The perforated pipes are placed onto the gravels.

ü  Then the pipes are covered by gravels again on top then the system is covered with in the geo textile.

ü  After installing the system the soil was backfilled and it was well compacted by the use of a tampering rammer and a roller.

Note: the purpose of the geo textile and gravels is to limit the entrance of sand or soil inside the perforated pipes.

2.7.7 Influence of the environmental conditions

The weather was good hence the work proceeded as planned.

2.7.8 Safety precautions taken.

To ensure the safety of the workers they each wore the following protective gears;

ü  Helmet

ü  Boots

ü  Overall

ü  Gloves

2.7.9 Conclusion

The work was well completed without any problem.

2.8.0 WEEKLY SUMMARY EIGHT (8) FROM 26^TH/09/2016 TO 1^ST/10/2016

            STEEL FIXING OF THE COLUMNS IN THE SECOND FLOOR

2.8.1 Introduction

It is the process of cutting, aligning and joining the reinforcement bars in accordance to the structural drawing details. The steel fixing of columns

2.8.2 Skills and manpower

The task was done by the following set of manpower;

ü  Site engineer and project engineer

ü  Fore men

ü  Unskilled labours

ü  Trainees (PT students)

2.8.3 Time required

The work was required to be completed in a duration of two (2) days.

2.8.4 Materials used, their sources and origin

ü  High tensile steel some of which were imported

ü  Binding wire

ü  Stirrups

ü  Spacer blocks which were made in site.

2.8.5 Tools and machinery

The tools and machineries used were;

ü  Pincer

ü  Bar bender

ü  Tape measure

ü  Crane for the high tensile steels to the second floor

2.8.6 Procedures

ü  The surveyor puts the marks of the shape of the column

ü  The required steels for a particular column are gathered and they are prepared according to the bar schedule.

ü  Then the bars are tied to the starters by the binding wires

ü  Afterwards, the stirrups are inserted to the column reinforcements at the spacing of 200mm from each other.

ü  When the work is completed the consultant asses the work for corrections and approval

Note: the overlapping of reinforcement is determined by a formula 50D where D is the diameter of the reinforcements (if they are equal in size) and the diameter of the largest rebar (if they differ in diameter)

2.8.7 Influence of the environmental conditions

The environmental conditions were conducive hence the work proceeded as planned.

2.8.8 Safety precautions

To ensure safety of the workers, they wore;

ü  Helmet

ü  Boots

ü  Reflector

ü  Gloves

2.8.9 Conclusion

The steel fixing of columns should be done with high care since they are the load bearing structures of the building. The figure below shows a column fitted with spacer blocks.