CONSTRUCTION OF APARTMENT, HOTEL, AND OFFICES REPORT

                            

                                                                               

                                               UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

             COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY.   DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING 

PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT-O1.

REPORT TITLE: CONSTRUCTION OF APARTMENT, HOTEL, AND OFFICES.

STUDENT NAME: ...................................

REG#....................

PRACTICAL TRAINING YEAR: 1

COMPANY/ORGANISATION NAME: ESTIM CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED

COMPANY PHYSICAL ADDRESS: PALOMA PARK, ALI HASSAN MWINYI ROAD MOROCCO, DAR ES SALAAM.

INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR NAME: Eng VICTOR LAUREN

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR NAME: Dr REMOYI, KIMWAGA

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PREFACE

Practical training (PT) is the part of four years while studying Bsc. civil engineering degree course offered by the college of engineering and technology (COET) of the University of Dar-es salaam. It conducted after second semester of the first, second and third year of studies and is extended over the period of 8 weeks

Practical training has the following main objectives or purposes

vTo advance knowledge from theories to practical

v To improve and provide awareness on how to use some tools and equipments effectively

v To develop abilities in terms of communicating, planning, organizing 

v To impact hard working and efficiency 

v To learn more about future career

Practical training help students to relate all theories learned in class to the real life/ practically. During this students will be aware with many things concerning their future profession. Also it helps students to gain more apart from those they learned from lecture rooms, college workshop or laboratories. Also the problems that will face the students will help he/she to overcome to the future.

The whole report consist of two parts. The first part shows general report which is the general review of work performed during my whole practical training period.

The second part consist of weekly report which consist of eight weeks written at the end of each week. It also match with the log book which explain main job of each week performed.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

I would to like to thank God for giving me this potential opportunity to perform my practical training without sick from starting, proceeding and completing practical training and also by providing power and to open my mind in one way or another so as to gain more during the whole period of practical training.

Secondly, i would like to appreciate University of Dar-es-salaam, College of engineering and technology (COET), Department of structural and construction engineering (SCE) for their provision of practical training that helps me to improve my knowledge from theory to practical. And finally for their supervision during the whole period of my practical training

It was not easy to complete my practical training during the whole period. Much respect go to managing director of the ESTIM CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED and to the whole organisation of the company, for providing different services so as to support my whole time of training. Special thanks also go to my supervisor of the site, Eng. VICTOR LAUREN for assigning me into different tasks and giving cooperation in detail concerning my questions

My family also show maximum cooperation during my training from first to last day, special thanks go to them especially my father Mr THEOBARD RWIZA and all other family members

Also my fellow students provide maximum cooperation to me by discussing many things in site for better understanding, much respect to them 

Last but not least i would like to give my special thanks to the HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS LOAN BOARD (HESLB) for funding me during my whole period of practical training.

DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this practical training to all registered and upcoming Quantity surveyors (QS) and to whole my family members.

GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE COMPANY

Establishment: 1988

Founded country: Kenya

Ownership: Girdharbhai Meghji Pindolia

Headquarters: Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

PURPOSE

To undertake construction work while observing safety and quality as the most important items in our operations.

MISSION 

Diversification into different sectors such as oil and gas sector. 

Provision of best quality services. 

Improve health and safety of workers. 

STATUS

From contractors registration board (CRB) database:

Class 1 – building works

Class 1- civil works

VISION

To become the bigger and best construction company in East and Southern Africa.

SOURCES OF FUNDS 

Bank loans 

Company’s capital and profits from completed projects 

ESTIM ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

PROJECT SUMMARY

This summary provide an overview of the whole project that i performed during my whole period of practical training in different ways

PROJECT LOCATION 

The project located along Ali Hassan Mwinyi road and Airtel headquarter northwards at morocco.

PROJECT STATUS 

The project comprises of hotel, apartments, 2 office buildings, mall and theatre which all mentioned buildings are on the same site is known as MORROCO MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. This project owned by National housing (NHC).

At the time of my arriving to the site, hotel and 2 office buildings are already erected and just finishing part remaining to the great extent. But also there was reinforcement of the helipad at office 1 building that was proceeding. Also apartment is the one of the building that is out of time compared to other buildings and at that time was at floor number 6 out of 22, so during my whole time of training apartment building was proceed to be erected frequently.

The construction proceed for a number of stages till my last time to leave the site. At the time of leaving, apartment building was erected up to 13 floors and most part of finishing to other building was proceeding and was done to the great extent

Also there was project office that helps me to learn both, site activities and management activities in one way or another and help me to succeed to great extent

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION TEAM

v NHC-Client

v ESTIM CONSTRUCTION- Contractor

v Architects

v Quantity surveyor

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

To provide investment opportunity to all Tanzanians and foreigners so as to achieve their economic development and the whole country in one way or another.

FINANCIAL STATUS OF THE PROJECT

· Contract sum : 137 billion (137, 000, 000, 000 TZS)

· Mode of payment: cheque

MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT

The followings are the main activities that take place during my whole time of practical training, and their descriptions.

1. Reinforcement/ Steel construction

This refer to the process of fixing steels into different structures before any concrete casting to take place, it is done so as to make these structures to resist tension. Reinforcement always done into beams, slabs, column. Some of the activities performed during steel fixing include the followings

· Measuring and cutting steel bars of required size according to the structural drawing

· Attachment of spacer blocks to maintain thickness cover of the concrete

· Correction of steel bars as design in the structural drawing eg, to check overlapping regions, proper position of bars and so on

· Fixing of bars into required structure

2. Construction of form work

Refer to the process of making different shapes of structure using plywood before casting concrete. The following activities performed during form work construction

· Marking out margins and boundaries on the given lines of action

· Preparation of different materials 

- Levelling of structures by using spirit level

· Nailing, joining and fixing of scaffords so as to ensure they will be able to carry heavy loads without failure

· To produce proper form work according to the design

3. Concreting

This is the process of casting concrete into different structures like beams, slabs, column. It involve the following steps

· Batching

The process of making measurement of concrete ingredients which always can be done by measuring volume of ingredients

· Concrete casting 

This is the deposition of fresh prepared concrete into different structures 

· Compaction process

Process of removing entrapped air into already casted concrete. This can be done either by hand or by using machine known as vibrator 

· Curing 

Is the process of controlling moisture content from concrete during hydration of cement 

4. Masonry work

This deals with the construction of both, external and internal partition walls. The following activities involved during masonry works 

· Preparation of mortar by mixing sand, water and cement into required proportions

· Placing prepared mortar into concrete floor. Thickness of mortar suppose to be 10mm thick

· Setting procedures for wall construction

· Laying of two blocks from end to end of the wall and join them by rope

· Arrangement of blocks into systematic order

FINANCIAL STATUS OF THE PROJECT

· Contract sum : 137 billion (137, 000, 000, 000 TZS)

· Mode of payment: cheque

WEEK ONE SUMMARY FROM 8 AUG TO 13AUG

MAIN JOB

· Reinforcement

WORKING HOURS 08- 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Site engineers

· Foreman

· Cheap labours

REINFORCEMENT

This refer to the process of fixing steel bars into special structures like beam, slabs, and column so as to withstand from different stresses acting onto it. Reinforcement of these structures prevent them from failure in one way or another 

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Steel bars, to be fixed into structures

· Binding wires, used to bind steel bars into structure

· Tape measure, used to measure length of bars according to drawings

· Spacer blocks, used to make cover of the structure

· Calibrated surveying instruments, used to make level of the required structure

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Setting out should be done by surveyor before start any thing

· Scaffolding should be done for binding fixing steels

· Steel bar to be placed in right position as described by structural drawings

· The end of the bars should bending back away

· Placement of spacer blocks so as to maintain the cover of the structure

· To check overlapping regions and additional bars so as it should match with the drawings

· Inspection and approval of your work before concrete casting should be done effectively

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENAL CONDITION

· Sun during a day, this reduce speed of the work 

· Conductive for all activities

SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS

- Wearing over coat during working time

· Wearing helmets at the time of work

· wearing gloves during the whole working time

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Whole procedures of steel fixing was followed and performed effectively. Also an engineer shows maximum cooperation on answering my questions effectively so that i was really appreciate it and understand the whole process.

WEEK TWO SUMMARY: FROM 15 AUG – 20 AUG

MAIN JOB

· Block work (Masonry work)

WORKING HOURS 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Site engineer 

· Fore man

· Cheap labours

MASONRY WORK

This can be defined as the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar. It is commonly used for the wall construction and retaining walls and also building , also can be to build both internal and external walls at the same time. This work suppose to be done with special care because it is the one that divide building into different partitions as designed.

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Sand

· Cement, to bind materials

· Spirit level, to level the wall

· Blocks

· Trowel

· Wheel barrow

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION 

· Surveyor will mark out layout for block work using given drawings

· Blocks should be wetted before laying so as to prevent shrinkage of cement based mortar

· Damp proof course then pre - laid into base of the wall along alignment of block wall

· To set out with proper alignment the first layer of blocks should be very important

· Blocks should be properly laid to the mortar, after being aligned properly

· All masonry suppose to be placed to the proper line and levels

· Walls must be levelled all the time of construction

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

· Sun during a day

SAFETY AND PRECAUTION

· Wearing overcoat 

· Wearing gloves

· Wearing helmets

· Wearing safety boots

· Wearing eye protectors

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

An engineer and foreman makes easy for me to understand this work to great extent, and this is due to their maximum cooperation to reply my questions. And finally i was understanding the whole work

WEEK THREE SUMMARY: FROM 22 AUG – 27 AUG

MAIN JOB

· Ceiling fixing

WORKING HOURS: 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Foreman

· Cheap labours

CEILING FIXING

This refer to the process of covering roof with the special materials known as ceiling for the purpose of separate between top, bottom, and middle of the given building. This process helps to separate roof structure but also to provide an elegance look of the given building in one way or another. It can be divided into several types such as fixed ceiling and suspended ceiling. Ceiling fixing also depends on type of materials that you are going to use and is according with the drawings

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Nails, for fixing steels

· Tape measure, used to measure different dimensions so as to match with the given drawings

· Driller machine, to drill nails into given metal strips so as to fix properly

· Metal strips, to connect different junctions of the ceiling

· Ceiling, to cover the whole roof system

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Cut and prepare ceiling and all required materials 

· Measure dimensions of the ceiling so as to match with the given drawings before fixing them

· Setting out grids, this will help to fix ceiling properly and without any mistakes because it provide proper directions of fixing your ceilings

· Installation of grid is very important after setting out them, this is because it is the only place that ceiling would be fixed

· Checking the grids after installation so as to be sure that arranged in a proper way and ceiling will going to fit 

SAFETY AND PRECAUTION

· Wearing eye protectors, so as to avoid falling of nuts and dirty into eyes

· Wearing gloves, so as to protect yourself from nails to directly into your hands

· Wearing overcoat 

· Wearing helmet, to prevent yourself from falling objects

· Wearing safety boots, to prevent from nails and sharp objects from entering your legs

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The goals of understanding whole process of ceiling fixing was attained and i was really understands the whole procedures in one way or another, this is due to the maximum cooperation from foreman in answering all my questions and provide proper materials for better understanding.

WEEK FOUR SUMMARY: FROM 29 AUG – 3 SEP

MAIN JOB

· Concreting

WORKING HOURS: 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Concrete engineer

· Site engineer

· Foreman

· Cheap labours

CONCRETING

Concrete is the heavy, rough, building materials made from a mixture of aggregates, cement, sand, and water, that can spread or poured out into moulds and that forms a stone- like mass on hardening. It is strong in compression but weak in tension so that it suppose to be reinforced so as to resist both, compression and tension, concrete suppose to be consistency when applied and it always applied into beams, slabs, and columns which both of them are in special form work to prevent shrinkage of concrete. 

Slump test is the measurement used to check consistency of the concrete by observing its degree of shrinkage into the given slump cone, tools involved during slump test includes, slump cone, tape measure, platform, concrete, iron rod 

TOOLS AND MCHINE USED

· Concrete pump, used to pump concrete from batching plant to the required floor

· Vibrator machine, used to mix concrete properly so as to remove air concentration into concrete and preventing it from shrinkage

· Batching machine, it used to mix ingredients into required ratio

· Trowel, used to carry concrete from one point to another

· Poker

· Slump cone, to perform slump test so as to check consistency of the concrete

· Shovel

· Broom

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Batching, the measurement of materials for the making of concrete is known as batching and it is divided into two types such as volume and weight batching

· Mixing, in order to produce good concrete it is necessary to mix cement, aggregates, and sand first in dry condition and then in wet conditions. This mixing process can be done either by hand or machine depends with the size of the project. Also to check consistency of the concrete before placing was done at this stage by performing slump test.

· Transporting and placing concrete, after mixing concrete should be transported to its final position. In small projects it can be transported with labours from hand to hand and wheel barrow, but in large projects concrete pump can be used. But also concrete should be placed in formwork which cleaned and oiled and segregation would be considered during concrete casting.

· Compaction of concrete, in process of placing concrete air is entrapped which reduce strength of the concrete in one way or another, hence is necessary to remove this entrapped air, and it can be removed by the process of compaction of concrete, and compaction can be done either by vibrators or hand depending on the size of the project.

· Curing of concrete, this is the method of maintaining moisture and temperature conditions of the concrete. If curing would not done properly strength of concrete is reduced and shrinkage can be occurred.

SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS

· Wearing overcoat, to prevent from concrete into your body

· Wearing helmet, this helps to prevent from falling objects into certain height

· Wearing safety boot, to prevent yourself from injury with sharp instruments that might penetrate easily to your body

· Wearing gloves, to prevent yourself from touching different poisons while you at site

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The whole process of concreting was very tough due to sun, but it was really understood by cooperate effectively with an engineers and foreman so that they can provide proper explanations concerning the whole work

WEEK FIVE SUMMARY: FROM 05 SEPT – 10 SEPT

MAIN JOB

· Formwork construction

WORKING HOURS: 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Site engineer

· Foreman

· Cheap labours

FORMWORK CONSTRUCTION

This is a mould including all support structures, used to shape and support the concrete until it attain sufficient strength to carry its own weight . it can be moulded into different shapes such as trapezium, rectangle, circle and so on. The materials that used to make these formworks known as plywood and they are strong enough to carry heavy loads without failure.

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Plywood, it is used to make shape of the given form work according to the drawings

· Scaffolds, used to support the whole load before and after concrete casting

· Hammer, used to knock nails so as to fix plywood effectively

· Nails, used to be fixed so as to make formwork

· Timber 

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Propping and centring

· Shuttering process 

· Provision of chamber

· Surface treatment and cleaning

SAFETY AND PRECAUTION

· Wearing helmet, to prevent from falling objects such as pieces of iron

· Wearing gloves, to prevent from touching poisons and to cot your fingers direct

· Wearing overcoat

· Wearing safety boots, to prevent from sharp instruments 

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Formwork construction is the one of the important things in any construction because it shapes structure that should be erected in one way or another. Also engineers give maximum cooperation on teaching and answering many questions concerning form work and i was understood and enjoying the whole work.

WEEK SIX SUMMARY: FROM 12 SEPT- 17 SEPT

MAIN JOB

· Tilling (wall & floor)

WOKKING HOURS: 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Foreman

· Cheap labours

TILLING

This refer to the type of floor finishing which is used to cover floor surface with the special type of material known as tiles. It is applied into both wall and floor depending to the design criteria and drawings, there are many types of tiles which can be used to cover floor or wall surface.

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Plastic hammer, used to knock tile so that to be fixed properly into the required surface

· Water gauge, used to check whether tiles levelled or not and must be placed either diagonal or laid horizontally to the installed tiles

· Cement, used as binding material 

· Plastic spacers, used to separate space between one tile and another it has 10mm thick

· Tiles, to be installed into either wall or floor

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Clean the required surface to remove dirty, this will help the tiles to be installed easy without failure

· Wet tiles with water to make them stick strongly into required surface which is going to be installed 

· Prepare mortar or adhesive which is going to be applied into the given tile, this will help the given tile to stick strongly

· Setting out of tiles is the next step before installing them to the given surface, this will be achieved by using automatic levels and hence installation to take place

· Installing tiles into the surface, this can be done by placing tiles into the given surface either floor or wall, and you can use adhesive or mortar during its installation process

· After installation, knock tiles with hammer to make sure tiles stick well into the surface, but you have to knock gently in order to prevent tiles from broken

· Place spacers between one tile and another of thickness 10mm so as to separate between one tile and another. Make sure that you maintain thickness of these spaces in one way or another

· Use water gauge to check if installed tiles are levelled or not, and this can be done by pacing water gauge horizontally or diagonally and observe water level of the gauge

SAFETY AND PRECAUTION

· Wearing helmet, to prevent from falling objects at different heights

· Wearing safety boots, this will prevent you from direct contact with the sharp objects to your leg

· Wearing gloves, to prevent yourself from touching poison chemicals and other dirty things in the site, hence prevent your health in one way or another

· Wearing overcoat

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Foreman as well as cheap labours make easy understanding in tile installation due to their maximum cooperation in answering questions as well as providing proper explanation from one step to another. Work was done accordingly and as planned

WEEK SEVEN SUMMARY: FROM 19 SEPT- 24 SEPT 

MAIN JOB

· Plasmolite wall

WORKING HOURS: 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Site engineer 

· Cheap labours

PLASMOLITE

This is the new technology of making partition wall using special boards and different ingredients. It is usually used to make partition walls so as to reduce amount of load to be carried by the building in one way or another. 

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Hammer, used to knock concrete nail during fixing of boards

· Concrete nails, used to install dowel into the slab 

· Closures, can be used to suit the required gap

· Glue, to hold closures into required space or interval

· Driller

· Fine aggregates

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Anchor installation for wall panel is the first thing during plasmolite, and these can be either casted during construction or drilled after construction. Horizontal and vertical dowel should also be installed

· Installation of first temporary angles should be done after installation of dowels, and can be installed either by concrete nails or by drilling depending on the hardness of the concrete

· Position and screw panels into first temporary vertical and horizontal angles 

· Temporary angles can be installed to the other side of the panel, so that to hold in position for concreting

· Closures can be made to suit the gap required, and at the same time spacer glued into closure at the required gap. Also closure can be final glued and drilled which can be removed after concreting to take place.

· Glue also applied to the spacers and joint and closure final piece is then installed.

SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS

· Wearing ear protector, to protect damage of hearing

· Safety boots, this will protect you from sharp instruments from entering direct to your leg

· Wearing overcoat 

· Wearing helmet, to protect from falling objects

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Plasmolite partition walling is the new and efficient technology that can be used instead of concrete walling, but is expensive due to its materials used. Special thanks to engineer for giving maximum cooperation during the whole process of plasmolite and i was really understood the lesson.

WEEK EIGHT SUMMARY FROM 26 SEPT – 1 OCT

MAIN JOB

· Set up stairs and levelling

WORKING HOURS: 0800 – 1700 hrs

SKILLS AND MANPOWER

· Foreman 

· Site engineer

· Cheap labours

SET UP STAIRS AND LEVELLING

Set up of stairs can be defined as the process of marking and establishing different points for the purpose of finishing of stairs to take place, this involve establishment and marking out tread and riser of the stair according to the given drawings which can be used during finishing process. 

Levelling is defined as the process of provide equal surface for the given structure so as to reduce unnecessary slopes into the given structure. This can be done using different instruments

TOOLS AND MACHINE USED

· Tape measure, for measuring different dimension as indicated into the given drawings

· Water gauge, for making level of the given stair

· Spirit level, for making level

· Spray, for marking out different points of stairs

· Pencil, for point location and dimensions

· Staff, for location of level points

PROCEDURES AND CONSTRUCTION

· Measure height from floor to the staircase , this will give full height in which cane be used to obtain tread distance

· Divide height you obtain by number of steps of the given stair, result you obtain after taking the ration will be tread distance for each step of the given stair

· After obtaining tread distance, then start to mark riser and tread at each step of a given stair till the last step

· Use water gauge to check whether your marking have been levelled or not

· Make sure each step has the same dimensions of riser and tread according to the given drawing

SAFETY AND PRECAUTION

· Wear safety boots, to prevent yourself from direct contact with sharp instruments

· Wear helmet, this prevents yourself from falling objects at a certain height

· Wear overcoat, 

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The whole activity has been well understood due to the maximum cooperation from foreman and cheap labours on answering many questions from us, also we show maximum cooperation to them by helping some of the activities as possible.

PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATION

· Abusive language used between cheap labours tend to reduce team work in one way or another and hence misunderstanding between them seems to be greater problem during the whole time of my training

· Unnecessary injuries and accidents seems to take big part during my training, this is because some of the workers was not able to follow site rules and regulations about their own safety

· Language barrier between Indian and cheap labours reduce team work in one way or another

CONCLUSION

This practical training helps to improve my knowledge in one way or another, this is because i was able to get more knowledge from what i learn into lecture rooms and other places in the university compound. Also it was very important to understand my future profession because it helps to meet with different quantity surveyors and engineers whom we share their experience in industry apart from those we learn from university