UNIVERSITY
OF DAR ES SALAAM
COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
OF STRUCTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN QUANTITY SURVEYING
FIRST
YEAR FIELD REPORT {2016}
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
List
of contents
Declaraction...............................................................................................
Acknowledgements...........................................................................
Abstracts...........................................................................................
.
CHAPTER
ONE. GENERAL REPORT………………………………….
· Company
background
· Setting out
at Majengo ( Proposed construction of commercial building)
· Preparation
of stirrups at puma (proposed construction of OPD) and at Kiandai (proposed
construction of guest quarters)
· Fixing of
reinforcement steels
· Concrete
work
· Placing
concrete as roof slab
· Curing of
concrete
· Finishing on
roof slab
· Laying water
proof membrane
CHAPTER
TWO.WEEKLY SUMMARIES AND LOGBOOKS
· Weekly
report
one..................................................................................
· Weekly
report two.................................................................................
· Weekly
report
three...............................................................................
· Weekly
report four................................................................................
· Weekly
report
five.................................................................................
· Weekly
report six.................................................................................
· Weekly
report
seven..............................................................................
· Weekly
report
eight..............................................................................
CHAPTER THREE. PROBLEMS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
DECLARATION
This
report was prepared by …………………………. a quantity surveying first year student at
University of Dar es salaam, who declare that all the information covered in
these report are from sites activities and information from site engineers and
company managing director. This report is about the construction of GUEST
QUARTER at Kindai, OUT PATIENT DEPARTIMENT [OPD] at Puma and A COMMERCIAL
RESIDENCE at Majengo, all at Singida Municipal.
Declare
to be faithful to,
........................... ………………………………
ENG.
ROGATH MCHAU
ENG. FELIX MCHAU
Managing
director
Site engineer
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First
and foremost I would like to thank God for giving me strength and help me to
conduct this field effectively. I would like to acknowledge all the help I got
from MR. ROGATH MCHAU The Company Managing Director and
ENG. FELIX MCHAU and other members at Trust engineering works ltd for
their support and guidance during field time.
I
would also like to acknowledge the help i got from site technicians.
ABSTRACTION
The
report is of the construction of three different projects which were: construction
of proposed Guest quarter at Kindai, Out Patient Department [OPD} at Puma and a
Commercial residence at Majengo all at Singida Municipal. Within ours sites there
were different activities conducted according to stages of construction. At
Kindai, the proposed construction of Guest quarter it was at roofing stage, the
roof types used were pitched roof and flat roof. At puma, the proposed
construction of Out Patient Department {OPD} it was in foundation stage, the
type of foundation used was strip foundation. And at Majengo, the proposed
construction of Commercial Residence was on setting out stage.
CHAPTER ONE
TRUST ENGINEERING WORKS LTD
(BUILDING AND CIVIL WORKS CONTRACTORS)
1.0
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
Trust Engineering Works Limited,
founded in 1989, provides a comprehensive Nationwide Engineering service though
its resources of over ten professionally qualified and supporting staff.
The company was initially registered
by the defunct National Board of Architects, Quantity Surveyors and Building
Contractors as Building contractors in class VII and in 1997 it was registered
by the ministry of Works as Civil Contractors in class MI.
With a sharp sense of intuition of
foresight, initiative and enterprise, the year 1994, witnessed the merging of construction
activities, in terms of staff and equipment with other company popular known as
GESS (T) LIMITED (GENERL ESTATE SERVIVES AND UPPLIES (T) LIMITED) of Singida,
for the purpose of launching an ambitious endeavor of bringing our service
close to our clients/customers. A new blood of two Directors was injected into
the Company to take up the position of Market & Personnel and Finance &
Administration.
Since its inception, the company has
built a nationwide reputation for assisting our clients to solve their
construction problems and develop opportunities for professionally tailored
project. That well established tradition continues to date.
Every part of the company embodies
the value of impartiality independence and professionalism aiming at bringing
the vital elements of certainty and development. The company is structured to
respond to the diverse and changing need of
construction industry by offering quality jobs and specific advise in
specialist fields. This vision enable the company to be promoted from class VII
to V in 1995 in building works after its splendid performance in construction/
project. Following the restructuring of the National Board of Architects,
Quantity Surveyors and Building Constructors in 1997 by n act of Parliament No 17,
a Constructors registration Board was established to cater for registration of
all Constructors in construction and allied industries. Consequently, our
company which was registered under the repealed Act, was deemed to be
registered by new Board under section 40(10 of the Act.
In a constructors’ review exercise
conducted in 1998, TRUST ENGINEERING WORKS LIMITED, won the recognition of the
Constructors Board and we were awarded with certificates of authenticity in
class V (Building Works) and class VI in civil Works.
The company is now registered in
class IV (Building Works) and in class V in (Civil Works)
2.0
OWNERSHIP
OF THE COMPANY
Trust engineering works ltd, as its
inception, had two directors namely ROGATH PAPII MCHAU and ENG. CHARLES PAUL MWAFALO and hence the sole
proprietors of the company.
Following our decision merge the
construction activities as a fore mentioned, two BERNARD TENGIO. New directors
were admitted into the company:- (1).
MOSES KIRUMBUMYO and (2). BERNARD TENGIO. Consequently/ the ownership of
the company took the following shape
NO.
|
NAME OF DIRECTOR
|
NO. OF SHARES
|
01
|
ROGATH PAPII MCHAU
|
30
|
02
|
ENG.CHARLES
MWAFALO
|
30
|
03
|
MOSES
SHEDRACK KIRUMBUNYO
|
20
|
04
|
BERNARD
LAURENT TENGIO
|
20
|
TOTAL
NO. OF SHARES
|
100
|
In the year 2006, MR. MOSES
KIRUMBUNYO resigned from all the assignments attached to him in the Company ,
thus leaving behind three active directors with the profile outlined below
3.0
MANAGEMENT
OF THE COMPANY
3.1
MR ROGATH PAPII MCHAU –CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING
DIRECTOR.
He
is a holder of Diploma in land surveying from Ardhi Institute (Now Ardhi
University). He also attended various courses in Land Surveying, Technical
methodology/ site management in the construction industry, and quality
management. After working in the civil services for 18 years he joined the
Company s fulltime director of the company in 1994. Apart from being chief
executive of the company, he has been instrumental in securing various contract
for the company.
3.2
ENG CHARLES PAUL MWAFALO – TECHNICAL
DIRECTOR
He
graduated from the University of Dar es salaam in 1986 with a bachelor of
science in Civil Engineering. Apart from that he attended various courses as
continued professional education in different colleges.
He
joined the company in 1997 as a technical director and he worked as chief
directors in as far as construction matters are concerned. He also works as our
site engineer and project manager in various construction projects.
3.3
MR. BERNARD LAURENT TENGIO –
DIRECTOR OF FINANCE AND ADIMINISTRATION
Mr.
Tengio is an administrator by profession. He graduated from Ushirika
Cooperative College in Moshi with a Business Administration Diploma. Also he
has attended various courses in financial and project management fields. He
plays a key role in project planning, tendering and provision of support to
site staffs
The
above named directors who from part and parcel of the Board of Directors
Company, in exercise of the power conferred upon them by the company memorandum
and articles of association may borrow money mortgageor charge is undertaking,
property and uncalled capital, or any part thereof, and issue debentures,
debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any
debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.
4.0
LEGAL
STATUS OF THE COMPANY
TRUST ENGINEERING WORKS LTD is
registered by BRELA with certificate of incorporation No.17482. Apart from been
registered Tax Payer with TIN No.
100-111-667 and VRN No. 26-000970-R. It is also registered with the
Constructors Association Industries and Agriculture (TCCIA). The company holds
a business license No. B01062376 issued by Singida Municipal Council.
5.0
CONTACT
ADDRESS AND PHYSICAL LOCATION
ALL CORRESPONDENSES can be cancelled
through the following address:
THE MANAGING DIRECTOR,
TRUST ENGINEEERING WORKS LTD,
P.O BOX 103, SINGIDA, TANZANIA.
Tel +255 026 2502188
Mob +255 0752 576 553/ + 255 0655
576 553/+255 0752 599 525
Email>rogath.mchau@yahoo.com
PHYSICAL ADDRESS:-
OTTU BUILDING, PLOT No. 50, BLOCK
‘L’ KINYETO ROAD, SINGIDA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
6.0
STRATEGICAL
OBJECTIVE
6.1
COMPANY
VISION AND MISSION
Our VISION is to become a major contractor, self-sufficient with
construction equipment, professionals and capital.
Our MISSION
is to develop our company to the highest level of professionalism so that it
acquires capability to undertake multiple project, to generate income that will
meet expectation of our employees and shareholders.
6.2
OBJECTIVES
6.2.1
To invest in durable plant and
equipment in order to enhance competition.
6.2.2
To ensure high quality of
workmanship in all projects undertaken by the company through recruitment of
competent personnel and undertaking strict adherence to standards.
6.2.3
To adhere to strict control on
expenditure to ensure that the company saves enough monies for investment.
6.2.4
To undertake aggressive marketing
strategies in order to win more contracts, and hence maximize revenue
SITE
SETTING OUT AT MAJENGO ; THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF COMMERCIAL RESIDENCE
Setting out is the process by which
informations are taken from construction design drawings, profiles or other
marks which are set to control the construction work and ensure that each element
of the work is constructed in the right position and at the correct level.
Site location
The site is located at Majengo Street,
the Plot No. 133,BLOCK “U” SINGIDA
MUNICIPAL, Building Permit No……….Owned by Husein Swalehe Mjili, Land ownership
approved by local government access power invested from
land ministry.
Site feature
There are features within the site
and those surrounding the site
I.
Within Site
Ø Shrubs
Ø Undergrowth
Ø Vegetable
Soil
Ø Anthill
II.
Surrounding The Site
Northern Direction
Ø A
road
Western direction
Ø Road
Eastern direction
Ø A
house
Southern direction
Ø A
house
SITE SETTING OUT
·
Measuring plot size
We measured plot size by taking
reference from architect drawings and we followed authorized municipal specifications
of measuring plot sizes since our site was located near two road services. Our
site plot shape plan from architect drawings had corner that easier interacts
between two road services at the junction
We measured three meters from both sides of the
roads which were on north and west direction of our plot, so as to leave the
space for free road services and we measured 1.5 meters away from both sides of
neighbor houses which were on south and east direction of our plot following town planning principles.
We measured dimensions of the plot as shown on
the specific which architect drawings were;
ü 80ft
ü 70ft
ü 50ft
ü 40ft
ü 10ft
After we obtains the dimensions of
the plot correctly as shown in drawings we consulted the authority to check up
our settings if they are correctly
following town plan principles. The answer came we were right and other
procedures went on.
Site clearance
Site clearance is the first
operation to be done which involve removal of all rubbishes and unwanted
materials found within the site which may be trees, shrubs, grasses, termite
nests, or hedges.
We used the following tools to clear
our site
ü Hoes
ü Rakes
ü Panga
We cleared site by removing all
bushes, shrubs and shrubs including grabbing up their roots using hoes and
panga. Then we collected all the grasses
by using rakes and we burnt them.
Setting out building and setting the
angles of the building
Setting up a building involves
marking of a building position, size and shape in terrain.
Firstly we searched the established
baselines for reference.
We measured 1.5 meters away from the
plot where our building will be built as it was shown in construction drawings,
also by following the alignment of neighbor houses, where we used a manila rope
to level the alignment of neighbor houses and our building to be built.
We used tape measure to measure the
dimensions of the building as they were in drawings (20.675 by
12.210)meters and mark the building
corner points by using pegs hammering them with a hammer, we connected our
corner points by using a manila rope ready for setting the square of the
building.
SETTING THE SQUARE OF THE BUILDING
USING 3-4-5 METHOD
The 3-4-5 method is method used to
measure to set out right angles, which helps in obtaining the square of the
building.
We used tape measure to measure
lengths of triangle each corner of the building, we marked the tape measure
from zero to 12 meters, starting from corner the corner of the building we
stretched the tape to form triangle length of 3, 4 and 5 meters then we leveled
the rope to equal proportion to triangle we made by the tape origin from the
corner point. We repeated same procedures to form the triangle of 6, 8 and 10
meters for more accuracy of measurement we took. We did same steps to each
corner of the building and we obtained 45 degree angle equal at each corner.
Then we measured the diagonal relationship between corners, and we obtained
both with length of 24.011 meters.
The measurements we took were
exactly to those in the architect drawings.
SITE
LAYLOUT
AT
KINDAI, THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF GUEST QUARTER
The proposed construction of guest
quarters was at roof stage, types of roofing used were flat roof which made of
concrete slab and pitched roof made of form works and sheets. Stages of
construction were as follows;
PREPATION OF STRRIUPS FOR RING BEAM
Reinforcement steels which were used
for stirrups preparation were mild steels of 8mm diameter.
They were bent according to designed
shape showed in drawings, the shape designed was 60 shape design of 90 degrees.
The dimensions of bent stirrups were
24cm by 11cm.
Stirrups were used in construction
of ring beam.
FIXING
REINFORCEMENT STEELS
A platform was prepared according to
designed drawing specifications; the prepared platform was of two way slab, the proposed type of
platform used was according to design calculations since the length of the
building was three times the width of the building, and slab was single
reinforced according to drawing specification.
A prepared platform for
fixing reinforcement steels
Reinforced steels of high tensile of
16mm diameter were cut in different dimensions according to each specific
usage. Some were of 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m etc.
After they were cut, they were bent
according to bar bending schedule and fixed in their position by using binding
wire.
During process of fixing steels some
steels didn’t reach the specific targeted position, and a place to be fixed
with other steels was left.
This problem was fixed by using overlapping method, where by the steels
were overlapped in a standard overlapping dimension, the overlapped
length/distance was 50 times the
diameter of steels.
Diameter of steel=16mm
50 * 16mm = 900mm
900mm was the overlapped distance/length
CONCRETE
WORKS
Materials and tools used;
MATERIALS,
·
Aggregates
·
Sand
·
Cement
·
Water
TOOLS AND THEIR OPERATION,
·
Concrete mixer,
Used in mixing concrete
·
spade
Mixing the mixer
·
Buckets
Carrying materials for concrete work
·
Trucks
Carrying and transporting raw
materials
·
Tilting drum mixer
Mixing
cement, aggregates, sand and water to be mixed thoroughly in standard ratios.
CEMENT
The cement delivered on site was
then stored in water proofed shed, and well prevented from contamination of any
sort or from any cause. It’s well in doubt that the hardened cement due to poor
stored shall never be used in any building
Construct. Also the different types delivered to site,
were kept separate in storage and that was mixed together in the production of
structural concrete.
WATER
Water is one among the composition
of concrete, water helps in dehydration process and also provision good and
strong bond of any structural consisting of cement and sand.
SAND
Sand
as a naturally occurring granular material which is composed of freely divided
rock and mineral particles are known to be formed by the weathering of rocks.
The types of sand used were
ü Pit
sand
ü River
sand
AGGREGATES
Aggregates were well cleaned and
free from dust and they were of quality and nature required. The aggregate used
were coarse aggregates of;
1)
10mm max. size, graded, for all
“fine” concrete
2)
20mm max. size, graded, for all
reinforced concrete in beams and for walls and slabs not greater than 400mm
thick.
3)
40mm max. size ,graded, for all
reinforced concrete walls and slabs in excess of 400mm thick and mass concrete
members
BATCHING
PROCESS
During batching it involves weighing
or by volume; within our site we used volume batching.
The aggregates, cement, sand and
water were mixed in appropriate standards, which were,
1)
1:3:6
2)
1:2:4 were both in situ.
Concrete was mixed by hand and by
using tilting drum mixer ,the puporse of mixing was to obtain mixture of a
maximum compactness and suitable workability.
Water
–cement ratio
The amount of water used has great
influence on the later density and compressive strength of the consolidated
concrete. Above the optimal moisture content the wetter the mix, the weaker the
consolidate will be. Practically the amount of water to be used should be
minimum necessary to give sufficient workability for efficient consolidation of
the concrete. When using mechanical plant the amount of mixing water can be
lowered to about 20 liters per bag of cement.
MIXING CONCRETE BY HAND
The following were the steps taking during mixing concrete by hand ;
a.
The platform for mixing process was
prepared
b.
Buckets of 20ltrs were used to
measure the ratios in volume of sand and then they were spread on the mixing
platform
c.
Then cement was measured in a
defined quantity and then mixed onto sand on the mixing platform.
d.
Aggregates were added then they were spread on the mixer
e.
Then followed by water , water was
measured and the added on the mixture until it reach its uniform in consistency
and sufficiently workability
f.
Then the mixture was well mixed.
MECHANICAL
MIXING
This
process was done by using tilting drum mixers.
Sand,
cement, aggregates and water was measured in volume then taken in the mixing
machine, the drum rotated on an inclined axis during mixing process and on a
titled axis for discharging. Three position were used , which were;
(a)
Charging position, example loading
cement, sand and aggregates.
(b)
Mixing position
(c) Discharging
position
At the batching plant we carried out
slump test on each mix produced. The 4 cubes were casted then cured for seven
days to obtain their strength then they were taken to the laboratory for
strength test.
The principal basis of control was
then by comparison of the results of the compression cubes tests at 28 days.
The cubes were compressed up to when
they got cracks at the moment of failure the forced used value was read Compression test were carried out at 7 days
and adjustment made in volume of the main control method outlined above. Cube
test results were examined individually, then the average value of each cube
was calculated, standard deviation and mean accepted only if strength of each set
calculated.
We used buckets and wheelbarrows as
means of transportation of fresh concrete from one point to another, whereby we
washed the buckets so as to make sure that the concrete is well carried and not
contaminated with any dust
FORMWORK MAKING
Formwork is the term given to
either temporary molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured
until it regains its strength and shape. In order to get the correct dimension
of the casted bridge structure correct dimension of the formwork should be set.
Material used to make formwork was marine board, Timber 2x4 inches , nuts,
bolts, Nails 3, 4, 5 inches, Wedge to support props.it was 2 days process
PLACING CONCRETE
We cleaned the formworks and make
sure that they were smooth so as to avoid movement or leakage before pouring
concrete. We secured and positioned reinforcement steels away from the
formworks with mortar spacer. We poured wet concrete in such a way that it can
be rammed and vibrated immediately and avoiding dropping of concrete mixture
(avoiding segregation). We poured concrete in a thickness layer of 30cm by hand
ramming. We made a slab in one season without allowing vertical or horizontal
cold joints to form, so as to avoid planes of weakness within the structure.
Then we placed the formwork carefully and tightly them.
CURING THE CONCRETE
We used water to cure concrete for
seven days, concrete hardens as the result of hydration of cement with water.
Fresh concrete contain enough water to hydrate cement but if is not protected
against drying out water will drop below the amount required, and this causes
developments of cracks in concrete.
FLAT ROOF FINISHING
The well hardened and dried slab was
cleaned to obtain smooth area for finishing process. Materials used for
finishing were;
·
Sand
·
Cement
·
Water
And instrument used were
·
Spirit level
·
Trowel
·
Shovel
·
Wooden float
·
Steel float
·
Straightedge
We prepared mortar by measuring the
volume of cement and sand and mixing them together with water in ratio of
…………..Mortar was poured on the surface and was spread by using steel shovel,
straightened by straightedge and surface
was leveled by spirit level. We used wooden float to smooth the leveled surface
and more smoothen by using steel float. We left the surface for one day to dry and
we cured the surface by water for 3 days.
LAYING WATER PROOF MEMBRANE
CHAPTER THREE
PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES
FACED DURING PT1 SESSION
During the PT program, there
are a number of problems encountered. The following are the problems included
during construction
The above challenges/problems
encountered in site happened due to many factors. These problems made
activities to take much longer than expected.
RECOMMENDATION
In order to save cost, time and
accuracy At TRUST ENGINEERING WORKS LTD they should do the following to improve
working condition;
·
To
increase safety gears to avoid accidents at site
·
There
should be serious supervision to foreman in order to make sure they stand on
the recommended design standards
·
Timely
payment to encourage workers
·
Before
any activity started it should be planned and arranged well so that to avoid
delay of the work start
·
In
casting process mixing design should met so it need serious supervision on
ratio and curing
·
Compaction
of using use poker machine and roller should be supervised to achieve strength
CONCLUSION
Practical training started 08
AUGUST 2016 and ended 30 SEPTEMBER 2016, those eight weeks were good and
enjoyable. Special thanks to TRUST ENGINEERING WORKS LTD for caring, support,
encouragement even using their funds to facilitate learning during the entire
practical training period
Practical
training is very important to students especially for quantity surveying
students because to learn theory only is not enough to be competent to be a
civil engineer.PT is also important because it makes the student to interact
between engineers, technicians and other potential people helpful in their
carrier. There were problems met at site that won’t be taught in class, so how
they got solved students learn from it. There are people especially in site
that sometime to interact with the
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